How Hard Water Affects Human Skin: Research and Solutions

Hard water is a common issue that can have a negative impact on skin health. Research has shown that high concentrations of minerals like calcium and magnesium in water can damage the skin barrier, particularly in children, increasing the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). Adults are not immune to these effects either, often experiencing dryness, irritation, and heightened sensitivity. This article explores the findings of scientific research, explains the mechanism of skin barrier damage, and offers effective solutions to combat hard water.

A study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, titled "The Effect of Water Hardness on the Skin Barrier and Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants", investigated the link between hard water and the risk of atopic dermatitis in children. The study involved 1,300 three-month-old infants in the UK and found that living in areas with high water hardness significantly increased the risk of developing AD.
The researchers also discovered that the minerals in hard water exacerbate damage to the skin barrier when using soap, further increasing the likelihood of skin conditions. While the study focused on infants, the mechanisms of skin barrier damage are equally relevant for adults, especially those with sensitive skin.

The skin barrier is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of cells (corneocytes) held together by lipids. Its primary functions include protecting against microbes and irritants, retaining moisture, and maintaining a healthy pH balance.
How does hard water damage the skin barrier?

1. Residue on the skin. Minerals in hard water interact with soap, forming insoluble residue that remains on the skin, causing dryness and irritation.
2. Increased pH levels. Hard water raises the skin’s pH, weakening its protective acidic mantle.
3. Reduction of lipids. Hard water strips away natural lipids, making the skin more vulnerable.
4. Increased permeability. A damaged lipid layer allows allergens and irritants to penetrate the skin, leading to inflammation and discomfort.

An effective solution is to install a water softener. These systems reduce the concentration of calcium and magnesium in water by replacing them with sodium or potassium ions.
How does a water softener work?

1. Water flows through a resin filter containing sodium or potassium ions.
2. Calcium and magnesium ions are exchanged for sodium or potassium ions.
3. Softened water is then delivered throughout your home.

A water softener provides soft water for the entire household, protecting your skin, hair, and appliances. If you want to learn how to test water hardness at home, check out our article on this topic.

Hard water can negatively impact the skin by damaging its protective barrier, leading to dryness, irritation, and increased risk of skin conditions. Installing a water softener is a simple and effective way to protect your skin and improve your quality of life.
👉 Explore our range of water softeners and find the perfect solution for your home. Start protecting your skin and health today!